From the moment they are born, babies are taking in a world full of new sights, sounds, smells, and sensations. This process, known as sensory processing, is how their tiny brains make sense of everything around them. For some babies, this happens easily. But for others, the world can feel overwhelming, and they need extra support to cope.

Babies with sensory issues are often labeled as “colicky.” While colic can have many causes, it isn’t about being “difficult” or “fussy.” It’s a way for your baby to communicate that they need help regulating their nervous system.

Common Signs of Sensory Overwhelm

A baby who is struggling with sensory processing may show signs of being overstimulated or, conversely, may seem withdrawn. Here are some things to look for:

• Excessive fussiness or “colic”: This is often a sign that a baby is overwhelmed by their environment and is using crying to communicate their need for help.
• Intense reactions to stimuli: Does your baby startle easily at loud noises or bright lights? Do they cry during diaper changes or when you cloth them? Do they become fussy in response to strong smells? They might be extra sensitive to touch, sounds, smells, or light.
• Withdrawing or “shutting down”: Some babies react to too much stimulation by becoming overly sleepy or withdrawn. This is a protective response, but it can be a sign they are struggling to cope.
• Resistance to certain experiences: This may include things like hating the car seat, fussing during feedings, or not wanting to be held in a baby carrier. Even things like spitting up or the need to pass gas or stool can be overwhelming to some babies.
• Physical or developmental delays: While delays can have many causes, a baby who dislikes tummy time, struggles with motor skills like crawling, doesn’t put hands to object in their mouth, or avoids eye contact might be impacted by sensory challenges.

Simple Ways to Help Your Baby at Home

The beautiful thing about a baby’s nervous system is that it’s designed to co-regulate with yours. This means your calm can help create their calm. Anything that helps you relax and feel good will likely help your baby too.

Here are a few gentle strategies to support your baby’s sensory needs:

• Create a calming environment. Try dimming the lights, using a gentle touch, and lowering the volume of the TV or music. Observe how your baby responds to different environments and adjust accordingly.
• Use gentle, rhythmic movement. Rocking, swaying, and gentle bouncing on an exercise ball can be incredibly soothing. You can also try babywearing, which provides a sense of security and gentle pressure.
• Try massage and warm baths. A gentle massage in a warm bathtub or before a nap or bedtime can help relax your baby’s muscles and prepare them for sleep. Feeding your baby in the tub with you can add an extra layer of comfort.
• Pay attention to noise levels. Some babies prefer a very quiet environment, while others are soothed by soft music, singing, or white noise. Avoid sharp, loud, or unfamiliar noises, as these can be startling.
• Go outside. Multiple studies show that spending time in nature can reduce stress. Fresh air and sunlight can also help regulate a baby’s sleep cycles, improve immunity, and has even been shown to slow heart rate.
• Build a consistent routine. While feeding on demand is important, a predictable nap and bedtime routine can provide a sense of safety and predictability that sensitive babies thrive on.
• Slow down and regulate yourself. Your baby is a mini-expert at reading your body language. When they are fussy, try to take a few slow, deep breaths. This can help you stay calm, and your baby will feel the difference in your touch and tone.

Remember, your baby isn’t giving you a hard time—they are having a hard time. By understanding your baby’s sensory needs and responding with calm and patience, you’re giving them the tools they need to navigate the world around them. If you have significant concerns, an occupational therapist who specializes in sensory processing can provide a more personalized plan. Your IBCLC should also be able to offer lots of additional resources.